Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Emmanuel Kant

In his book, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant explores the issues of human morality, and attempts to â€Å"seek out and establish the supreme principle of morality† (Kant 60). Despite acknowledging that human beings will still most likely act morally, whether or not they have a clear understanding of moral principles, Kant explains that a clearer understanding of moral principles can allow individuals to fulfill their moral obligations, and keep their motivations pure. Kant starts off, in the preface, by stating that â€Å"Ancient Greek philosophy was divided into three sciences: physics, ethics, and logic† (Kant 55). Physics being the study of natural philosophy, and the world of material objects; ethics, the study of moral philosophy, and on what basis human beings ought to act; and logic, the study of empirical knowledge, independent of material objects. These three fields then fall into categories of empirical or non-empirical philosophy. In the Groundwork, Kant decides to focus on pure, non-empirical ethics, which he refers to as â€Å"a metaphysic of morals† (Kant 56). In attempting to develop an a priori concept of morality based on reason, as opposed to empirical observations, Kant comes to the conclusion that â€Å"a free will and a will under moral laws are one and the same† (Kant 114). This statement ties together Kant’s aim in the Groundwork, in that the supreme principle of morality is developed through the notion of freedom, as it, then, provides a basis for morality.Show MoreRelatedThe Metaphysics Of Morals1418 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Emmanuel Kant, we are presented with this conception of Kant’s called â€Å"the Form of Law.† With the discussion of the Form of Law, we will also come to encounter both moral law and the categorical imperative. Kant’s notion of the Form of Law, we will later see has a great deal of significance within the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Within the discussion of the Form of Law’s significance in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, KantRead MoreKant Deontological Theory1659 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Name: Veronica Ryan Student No: 20120035 Assignment: Kant Lecturer: Prof: Wamsley Due Date: 23 August 2013 ____________________________________________________________________ Emmanuel Kant was an influential German Philosopher. He was born in Konigsberg in Prussia to Protestant parents he lived from 1724 to 1804. Kant observed the world around him and observed that that every culture religion and society has moral law whether they are obeyed or not. The Formula of Universal Law-Read More Nothing Can Be Good or Evil in Itself Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesfavorable character, wholesome, and virtuous. (Merriam-Webster)   A good will is not good because of what it effects or accomplishes--because of its fitness for attaining some proposed end: it is good through its willing alone-that is, good in itself. (Kant)   In essence, the traditional sense of good is an act done only with the benefit of others in mind rather than for ones own personal interests.   However, for society to view this as good, an act must be intended to benefit society as a whole as wellRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Jean s Ethical Dilemma Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pagesclear indicator of Jean’s moral orientation as such, her statement â€Å"she instinctively objected to the use of psychological manipulation.†, may suggest Jean’s moral perspective is more aligned with Kantian ethics. In spite of this, we do not know with certainty w hat the future consequences of Jean’s actions will bring. Instead, this essay will argue that Jean’s desire to act is not based on pure self-interest; but, on kant’s revolutionary idea of goodwill and duty. Emmanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) in his researchRead MoreCompare Utilitarian and Deontological Theory1821 Words   |  8 PagesCOMPARE UTILITARIAN AND DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by its usefulness. In maximizing utility and minimizing negative utility, in short it can be defined as pleasure minus pain. Deontology means duty or obligation. This theory was founded by a German philosopher, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). According to Kant, it is the only way of making moral decisions. Another definition for deontology is that it is an approach to the justification

The Causes and Consequences of the Financial Crisis of 2008

English Dossier Milà ©na Gandroz 2A Cycle ICM What are the causes and the consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008? SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION 3 WHY IT HAPPENED? 4 1. Deregulation policy 4 2. Securitization of mortgages 4 HOW IT HAPPENED? 6 1. The subprime crisis 6 2. The financial crisis 6 WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES? 7 1. In the financial sector 7 2. In the United States 8 3. Abroad 8 WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW? 8 1. Some things are changing 8 2. But others remain the same 8 CONCLUSION 9 INTRODUCTION This dossier is about a story, the story of how and why the financial industry collapsed in 2007/2008. It is not about bad bankers which have created a global crisis affecting†¦show more content†¦Indeed, these products were regarded as safe because they mixed different credits and the risk for all these credits to default was really low. That is why the rating agencies (Standard amp; Poor’s, Moody’s, Fitch for the most known) rated these products AAA which is the best rate possible. They were then created in huge quantities because all investment funds could buy them (including pension funds). The big investment banks issued a lot of CDOs and kept a part of them for their own account, which allowed them to borrow always more money. The CDOs are very profitable with a high interest rate because they include subprime mortgages. As the Fed funds rate was really low at this time, banks saw in the CDOs a way to make more money with a low risk and they granted more and more subprime mortgages. Moreover, there is a law from 1977 (The Community Reinvestment Act) which allows banks to securing their deposits by the government if they agree to lend money to people on a low income (subprime mortgages). All of this explains the creation of a housing bubble which has been feed by the credits bubble. The housing prices doubled between 1996 and 2006 while the subprime market increase from 30 billion a year of $ to 600 billion of $ a year. The banks became more and more profitable and benefited fully from the leverage effect, which allowed them to borrow incredibly large amounts of money assuming that the market would always continue to rise. In 2004, theShow MoreRelatedThe Financial And Political Systems Have Always Played1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe financial and political systems have always played a major role in stabilizing the society and ensuring a smooth transition between public policies and economic activities. Over the past decades, we’ve witnessed the global crisis of 2008, which costs â€Å"tens of millions of people their savings, their jobs, and their homes†. Interestingly, the root of the problem comes from the corruption of the financial industry and how the political figures respond to the crisis. This response paper correspondsRead MoreDeregulation Is The Underlying Cause Of The 2007 / 08 Financial Crisis1382 Words   |  6 Pagesderivatives. The Financial crisis in 2007-2008 brought the massive hurt to everyone in the world. The worldwide financial problem affected thirty million people loosing their jobs and cause many countries getting close to go bankrupt (Peah, 2014). This is the global issue that everyone should be consider of. The purpose of this essay is to determine if the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financial crisis. The essay argues the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08Read MoreGlobal Financial Crisis : Its Causes And The Global Responses Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment topic: Global financial crisis: its cause and the global responses Introduction The global financial crisis or economy crisis is commonly believed to have begun in July 2007 with credit crunch, when a loss of confidence by the US investors in the value of sub-prime mortgages caused a liquidity crisis. On the other hand, due to the big changes that took place over the last 20 to 30 years in the worldwide economy and the influence of 2007 financial crisis, it has re-emerged as one of theRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignmentRead MoreEssay on Overview of the Recent Financial Crisis in the US1468 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction The financial crisis started in the USA because of subprime mortgage crisis in 2007. As a consequence of it, a credit crunch was originated and it quickly spread from the real state sector to other sectors, and furthermore, from USA to other countries. This caused a series of financial and economic crises like the collapse of housing markets in Europe, the global stock markets, global financial systems and markets, along with a lot of large banks and financial institutions, as (SunRead MoreFinancial Crises And Its Effects On Global Economic Crisis1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2007-2008 Financial Crisis- Its Causes and the Involvement of the FED The financial crises that occurred in 2007-2008 had such a big impact on the world that it is now considered a global financial crisis (GFC) or global economic crisis. It is commonly believed that it began in July 2007 with the credit crunch; U.S. investors lost trust in the value of subprime mortgages which caused a liquidity crisis. This had the effect that the U.S. Federal Bank injected a large amount of capital into theRead MoreAnalysis of â€Å"the Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University1110 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University June 2010 Marija Nikolic December 2012 Global financial crises has brought into focus debate about decisions made by the countries which are leading economic forces, making them to reconsider past living standards and habits. With the aim to examine the causes, effects, policies and prospects for the financial crisis D.Salvatore publishedRead MoreWhy India Recovered Quickly From The 2008 Global Crisis Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesIndia recovered quickly from the 2008 global crisis? Vivek Shah MBA AF 629 December 12, 2016 Introduction It’s the most heard term about the global economy in the recent years and it’s the year we have been always hearing about its 2008. We all have been a part of it in some or the other way and all the major economies had been affected by the global turmoil which eventually lead to the worst situation after the Great depression of 1929. The sub-prime crisis in USA which lead to great recessionRead MoreInside Job 2010 Directed By Charles Ferguson1104 Words   |  5 Pagesdomino effect. This statement holds truth for the result of the financial/banking crisis that occurred in 2008 because of many errors that were made unethically and eventually affected many other countries around the world and their living conditions. The documentary Inside Job 2010 directed by Charles Ferguson is without a doubt a very effective film documentary. It did an outstanding job of giving more insight on the banking crisis in 2008 and how it created a domino effect leading to global recessionRead MoreBailouts Effect on Economy770 Words   |  3 PagesAlmost 1.2 trillion dollars were spent on bailing out the various banks in the 2008 financial crisis. First, what bailouts are is explained. Then, the history of bailouts in the US is told. Finally, the effects of the recent bailouts are analyzed. Because billions of dollars are spent on bailouts, they need to be understood by the public by knowing their history and their effects on the economy to ensure informed decisions in the future on whether or not banks should be allowed to fail. A bailout

The Civil War Of America - 1854 Words

The Civil War The American Civil War was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. Among the 34 states in 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, the South, included eleven states. The states that remained loyal to the United States and did not declare secession were known as the Union or the North. The war had its origin in the factious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories. After four years of fighting, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South s infrastructure, the†¦show more content†¦Speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so , and I have no inclination to do so. The first six to secede had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, a total of 48.8 percent for the six. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln s inaugural address declared his administration would not initiate civil war. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession. Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy. Efforts at compromise failed, and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene; none did and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Because Europe relied on cotton so heavily they had to find a new place to receive their cotton. They found Egyptian cotton which later became a much more desirable fabric. The causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the war began. James C. Bradford wrote that the issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. Slavery was the

Very Necessary free essay sample

Salt-N-Pepa Very Necessary Salt, Pepa and Spinderilla are back with their fourth album, Very Necessary and this is by far the one album that outshines the rest. In the beginning they had a hard core rap approach, but theyve recently mellowed out to more of a hip-hop style. With Very Necessary exploding all over the charts two hit singles and a world tour in the works you could definitely say that this is their year. Their lead single, Shoop, shows that Salt-N-Pepa can attract a wide audience. The song is all over the place, including top 40 radio stations, MTV, BET, and is topping the sales charts. The single went as far as number four on Billboards music chart, but that is only one side of the coin. Their latest song, Whatta Man, teams them up with hip-hop R group En Vogue, whose three top 10 singles made them popular in 1992. Whatta Man, is about Salt-N-Pepas idea of what a man should really be like, while at the same time being a groovy tune. We will write a custom essay sample on Very Necessary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The single is heading toward platinum (sales of a million) and may be the first chart topper for the trio. But Salt-N-Pepa also wants to show that theyre serious about certain subjects, as seen on their ballad Ive Got AIDS. Considering the success of this album, Salt-N-Pepa hopes that many people will get their point that AIDS is a killer disease. Perhaps someone as popular as this group will be able to get the message across. This song involves a group of teenagers acting out a scenario of a girl who finds out she has been infected with the virus. The album continues to be on a roll, and Im sure that everyone has heard one of their songs, whether on the radio or their appearance on Saturday Night Live. If you didnt like what you heard at first, give it a try anyway. I think this album has a lot of different music styles and catchy beats. Very Necessary is by far their best album to date, and there are the sales to prove it (even though their past albums have all had success). So try it; youre bound to like it. . Review by I. W., New City, NY